FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Abstract
Non-Governmental Organizations generally play significant roles in development of communities that over time have been disadvantaged as a consequence of poverty and high levels of unemployment, as experienced especially in developing countries. NGOs run several programs ranging from health issues, education, environmental conservation, Agriculture, as well civil concerns in different social set ups, but face unprecedented employee retention in stark contrast to most public sector organizations, Helmmy (2012). The success on non-governmental organizations depends on their employees. However, this depends on several factors and employee retention is one of the factors considered to be an impediment for efficient and effective implementation of the projects managed by NGOs. The purpose of this research is therefore, to assess challenges facing employees’ retention in Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi County. It was therefore, be guided by Leadership and rewards as independent variables and Employee retention as the dependent variable. The study adopted a descriptive research design for the study. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from the employees, while in-depth schedules were used to obtain qualitative data from the respondents. Data from questionnaires were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 22 and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compute the data, while qualitative data was analyzed thematically through content analysis technique. Understanding the problem of employee retention and putting in place effective and efficient mitigating factors in place would benefit the NGOs in coming up with employee retention strategies for effective and efficient human resource management. The findings indicated a positive correlation between the dependent variable and the independent variables.
Key Words: Leadership, Rewards, Employee Retention
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdel-Maksoud, A., Asada, T., Nakagawa, M. (2008), “Performance measures, managerial practices and manufacturing technologies in Japanese manufacturing firms: State of the
art”, International Journal of Business Performance Management, 10(1), pp. 1-16
Bauer, R., Braun, R., Clark, G.L. (2008), “The emerging market for European corporate governance: the relationship between governance and capital expenditure”, 2010- 2005, Journal of Economic Geography, 8(4), pp. 441-469
Bourne, M., Kennerley, M., Franco-Santos, M. (2005), “Managing through measures: A study of impact on performance”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 16(4), pp. 373-395
Bescos, P-L., Cauvin, E. (2004), “Performance measurement in French companies: An empirical study”, Studies in Managerial and Financial Accounting, 14, pp. 185-202
Brownell, P. (2002), “The role of accounting data in performance evaluation, budgetary participation an organizational effectiveness”, Journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp. 12-27
Brady, M., Cronin, J., Brand, R. (2002), “Performance-only measurement of service quality: a replication and extension”, Journal of Business Research, 55(1), pp. 17-31
Brown, L., Caylor, M. (2009), “Corporate governance and firm operating performance”, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2, pp. 129-144
Buono, A. (2010), Enhancing strategic partnership: “Intervening in network organizations”, Journal of Organizational Change, 10(3), pp. 251-266
Burke, W., Litwin, G. (2001), “A casual model of organizational performance and change”, Journal of Management, 18(3), pp. 523-545
Dehning, B., Richardson, V. (2002), “Returns on investments on information technology: A research synthesis”, Journal of Information Systems, 6(1), pp. 7-30
Deshpande, R., Farley, J., Webster, F. (2010), “Factors affecting organizational performance: A five country comparison”, Marketing Science Instituted Report, pp. 97-108
Drobetz, W., Schillhofer, A., Zimmermann, H. (2004), “Corporate Governance and Expected Stock Returns: Evidence from Germany”, European Financial Management, 10 (2), pp. 267-293
Fugate, B., Mentzer, T. and Stank, T. (2010), “Logistics performance: efficiency, effectiveness and differentiation”, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp.43-62
Georgopoulos, B., Tannenbaum, A. (2007), “A Study of Organizational Effectiveness”, American Sociological Review 22, pp. 534-40
Gompers, P., Ishii, J., Metrick, A. (2003), “Corporate Governance and equity prices”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, pp. 107-155
Govindarajan, V. (2011), “A contingency approach to strategy implementation at the business unit level: Integrating a administrative mechanisms with strategy”, Academy of Management Journal, pp. 828-853
Hosmer, B.E. (2001), “Foster employee customers and hold on to your best ones”, Strategy and Leadership, 29(6), pp. 34-36
Ittner, C., Larcker, D. (2003), “Coming up short on nonfinacial performance measurement”, Harvard Business Review, November, pp. 88-95
Johnson, R., Wichern, D. (2002), Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Prantice Hall, New Jersey
Jones, G., George, J. (2008), Contemporary Management, McGraw Hill/ Irwin
Kaplan, R.S., Norton, D.P. (2003), “Putting the Balanced Scorecard to Work”, Harvard Business Review, September-October, pp. 134-147
Kates, A., Galbraith, J. (2007), Designing Your Organization: Using the STAR Model to Solve 5 Critical Design Challenges, Jossey-Bass Management & Marketing 300
Kirkpatrick, N. T. (2009), “A model of training as a function of management, organizational, and leadership influences”, Academy of Management Journal, 24, pp. 453-470
Kotler, P. (2003), Marketing management, Upper Saddle River (NJ), Pearson Education
Lebans, M., Euske, K. (2006), “A conceptual and operational delineation of performance”, Business Performance Measurement, Cambridge University Press
Lusthaus, C., Adrien, M.-H. (2008), “Organizational assessment: A review of experience”, Universalia, 31
Luthra, S., Garg, D. and Haleem, A. (2013) Identifying and ranking of strategies to implement green supply chain management in Indian manufacturing industry using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 930-962.
Nadler, D., Tushman, L. (2002), A model for diagnosing organizational behavior: Applying a congruence perspective, Managing Organizations: readings and cases, Little, Brown and Company: Boston Toronto
Nohria, J., Joyce, W., Roberson, B. (2003), “What really works”, Harvard Business Review, 81, pp. 42-53
Pinar, M., Rogers, J.D., Baack, D. (2003), “A comparison of high vs. low market orientation companies: A case of Turkey”, Journal of Global Awareness, 4(1), pp. 89-104
Pinar, M., Girard, T. (2008), “Investigating the impact of organizational excellence and leadership on business performance: An exploratory study of Turkish firms”, The SAM Advanced Management Journal, 73 (1), pp. 29-45
Porter, M.E. (2008), Competitive Strategy, Free Press, New York
Prescot, J. (2006), “Environments as moderators of the relationship between strategy and performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 29, pp. 329-346
Reichheld, F. (2003), “Loyalty-based management”, Harvard Business Review, pp. 64-73
Sanner, L., Wijkman, P.M. (2005), “Benchmarking business practices in Swedish manufacturing firms”, Working Paper No. 3
Vasconcelos, A.F. (2011), “Internal demarketing: Construct, research ropositions and managerial implications”, Management & Marketing, 6(1), pp. 35-58
Velcu, O. (2007), “Exploring the effects of ERP systems on organizational performance –
Evidence from Finnish companies”, The Journal of Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 107( 9), pp. 1316-1334
Verboncu, I., Purcaru, I. (2009), “A managerial modernization model in crises condition”, Management & Marketing, 4(3), pp. 65-76
Waterman, R., Peters, T., Phillips, J.R. (2008), “Structure is not Organization”, Business Horizons, 23(3), pp. 14-26
Weisbord, M (2006), “Organizational Diagnosis: Six places to look for trouble with or without a theory”, Group & Organization Studies, 1(4), pp. 430-440
Wu, J., Wang, Y. (2006), “Measuring ERP success: the ultimate users’ view”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 26(8), pp. 882-903
Yuchtman, E. & Seashore, S. (2012), “Factorial Analysis of Organizational Performance”, Administrative Science Quarterly 12(3), pp. 377-95
Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., & Lai, K.H. (2013). Institutional based antecedents and performance
outcomes of internal and external green supply chain management practices. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 19(2), 106-117.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v4i2.444
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
PAST ISSUES:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.