Practices influencing creative accounting among corporations listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange

Charles Guandaru Kamau

Abstract


Creative accounting is a vice that has led to collapse of several companies both in internationally and here in Kenya. The raison d'être for this study was to assess the practices influencing creative accounting among listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) in Kenya. The study was based on the existing theories, more so on the positive accounting theories, which were used to identify these practices. Systematic sampling method was applied in selecting the sample for the study. The research design used in this study was a cross sectional survey design which assessed data for the year 2014. Data was acquired through administering questionnaires and interviews to a sample of managers, accountants and internal auditors of companies publicly listed on the NSE. A sample of thirty nine out of a target population of sixty four Companies publicly listed was extracted from the Nairobi Securities Exchange website. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to establish if there is a statistical significance between the observed and expected values. Regression analysis together with the Pearson coefficient of correlation, were used to test hypothesis.  The results indicated the level significant influence on creative accounting among the companies listed on the NSE for practices such as Managements compensation, contractual obligation, tax management, share price performance and insider dealings


Full Text:

PDF

References


Adelopo, I. (2010), The impact of corporate governance on auditor independence: A study of audit committees in Uk listed companies (PhD Thesis, De Montfort University, United Kingdom).

Adibah Wan Ismail, W., Anuar Kamarudin, K., Van Zijl, T., & Dunstan, K. (2013). Earnings quality and the adoption of IFRS-based accounting standards: Evidence from an emerging market. Asian Review of Accounting, 21(1), 53-73.

Akenbor, C. O., & Ibanichuka, E. A. L. (2012). Creative accounting practices in Nigerian banks. African Research Review, 6(3), 23-41.

Amat O. & Gowthorpe C. (2004), Creative accounting: nature, incidence and ethical issues, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Economics and Business Working Paper No. 749.

Assih, P., Baridwan, Z., Kusurna, I. W., Supriyadi, S., & Gudono, G. (2013). The Effect Of Investment Opportunity Set On The Association Between Incentives And Earnings Management Level. The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, 14(1). 1-15

Baralexis, S. (2004),Creative accounting in small advancing countries: The Greek case. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19 (3), 440-461

Beaudoin, C. A., Cianci, A. M., & Tsakumis, G. T. (2015). The Impact of CFOs’ Incentives and Earnings Management Ethics on their Financial Reporting Decisions: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(3), 505-518.

Becker, C. L., DeFond, M. L., Jiambalvo, J., & Subramanyam, K. R. (2010). The effect of audit quality on earnings management. Contemporary Accounting Research, 15(1), 1-24.

Becket, C. (2006) Essential theory for social work practice. London: Sage Publications ltd

Beneish, M. D., Press, E., & Vargus, M. E. (2012). Insider Trading and Earnings Management in Distressed Firms*. Contemporary Accounting Research, 29(1), 191-220.

Bewaji W. (2012), Insider trading in developing jurisdictions. New York: Routledge.

Bryant, P., & Davis, C. (2012). Regulated change effects on boards of directors: A look at agency theory and resource dependency theory. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 11(2), 1.

Carter, C. R., & Rogers, D. S. (2008). A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management, 38(5), 360-387.

Chen, Y. J., & Deng, M. (2009). The signaling role of accounting conservatism in debt contracting. Working paper, University of Minnesota.

Collin, S. O. Y., Tagesson, T., Andersson, A., Cato, J., & Hansson, K. (2009). Explaining the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations: Positive accounting theory and institutional theory as competitive or concurrent theories. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 20(2), 141-174.

Cotleţ, B., Nagy, C. M., Megan, O., & Cotleţ, D. (2012). Creative techniques for modeling performance reported in financial statements. Anale. Seria Stiinte Economice. Timisoara, vol. XVIII, 406-410

Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1995). Detecting earnings management. Accounting Review, 193-225

Diana, B., & Madalina, P. C. (2007). Is creative accounting a form of manipulation. Economic Science Series, Annals of the University of Oradea, 935-940.

Dutta, S., and Qintao F. (2014): "Equilibrium earnings management and managerial compensation in a multiperiod agency setting." Review of Accounting Studies 19 (3), 1047-1077.

Effiok, S. O., & Eton, O. E. (2012). Creative accounting and managerial decision on selected financial institutions in Nigeria. International Journal of Business, Research and Management (IJBRM), 3 (1), 35-47

Gigler, F., Kanodia, C., Sapra, H., & Venugopalan, R. (2009). Accounting conservatism and the efficiency of debt contracts. Journal of Accounting Research, 47(3), 767-797.

Gosh S. (2010), “Creative accounting: A fraudulent practice leading to corporate collapse”, Research and practice in social sciences, Vol 6, Iss 1, pp1-15.

Hillman, A. J., Withers, M. C., & Collins, B. J. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of management, 35 (6) 1404-1427

Hofer, C., Jin, H., Swanson, R. D., Waller, M. A., & Williams, B. D. (2012). The impact of key retail accounts on supplier performance: A collaborative perspective of resource dependency theory. Journal of Retailing, 88(3), 412-420.

Iraya, C., Mwangi, M., & Muchoki, G. W. (2015). The effect of corporate governance practices on earnings management of companies listed at the Nairobi securities exchange. European Scientific Journal, 11(1).

Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behaviour, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (4), 305-360

Kamau, C. G., Mutiso, A. N., & Ngui, D. M. (2012). Tax avoidance and evasion as a factor influencing ‘Creative Accounting practice’ among Companies in Kenya. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 4(2), 77-84.

Katuse, P., Kiambati, K., Karanja, P., & Waititu, A. (2013). Role of Shareholder control on financial performance of commercial banks. Prime Journal of Science and Technology. 2 (2), 223-226

Kholief, A. (2008). CEO duality and accounting-based performance in Egyptian listed companies: A re-examination of agency theory predictions. Research in Accounting in Emerging Economies, 8, 211-237.

Kothari, C. R. (2008). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. (2nd Ed), Nairobi, Kenya: New Age International Publishers.

Kuria, K. (2013) Motivation for tax evasion: A cross country review. Prime Journal of Social sciences, 2(11), 487-491

Lin, B., Lu, R., & Zhang, T. (2012). Tax-induced earnings management in emerging markets: Evidence from China. Journal of the American Taxation Association, 34(2), 19-44.

Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: an interactive approach. California, USA: Sage Publications inc

Mitnick, Barry M. (2011), Origin of the Theory of Agency: An Account By One of the Theory's Originators. Issues in Accounting Education – University of Pittsburg, (11) 1, 131-60

Modell, S. (2010). Bridging the paradigm divide in management accounting research: The role of mixed methods approaches. Management Accounting Research, 21(2), 124-129.

Morris, E. (2004). “Sampling from small populations” available from http://uregina.ca/~morrisev/Sociology/Sampling%20from%20small%20populations.htm, Accessed 28-02-2013

Mulford, C. W., & Comiskey, E. M. (2002). The financial numbers game: Detecting creative accounting practices. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Nachmias, D. (1996) Research methods in the social sciences, 5th Edition. London, UK: St Martins Press Inc.

Nienhüser, W. (2008). Resource dependence theory-How well does it explain behavior of organizations?. management revue, 9-32.

Njogu, L., Gekara, M., Waititu, A., & Omido, K. (2 014) Effect of executive compensation on creative accounting among listed manufacturing companies in Kenya. Prime Journal of social science, 3(1), 552-556

Njuguna, L., & Moronge, M. (2013). Influence of the managerial behaviour of agency cost on the performance of listed firms on NSE. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 1(7), 397-410.

Oluoch, J., Namusonge, G., & Onyango, S. (2015). Effect of Accruals Quality on Segmental Cost of Capital in The Kenyan Equity securities’ Market. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 4(01), 90-105.

Omoro, N., Aduda, J., & Okiro, K. (2015). Demographic Diversity in Top Management Team and Financial Reporting Quality in Commercial State Corporations in Kenya. Danish Journal of Accounting and Taxation.1 (1), 1-16.

Omurgonulsen, M., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2009). Critical thinking about creative accounting in the face of a recent scandal in the Turkish banking sector. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 20(5), 651-673.

Ordóñez, L. D., & Welsh, D. T. (2015). Immoral goals: how goal setting may lead to unethical behavior. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 93-96.

Ouma, O. P. (2012). The relationship between dividend payout and firm performance: a study of listed companies in Kenya. European scientific journal,8(9), 199-215

Pfeffer, A.M. & Salancik, A. H. (1978). Truth or consequences: A study of critical issues and decision making in accounting. Journal of Business Ethics, 16:161-171.

Raith, M. (2009). An agency theory of conservative accrual accounting. University of Rochester Working Paper

Sanusi, B., & Izedonmi, P. F. (2014). Nigerian Commercial Banks and Creative Accounting Practices. Journal of Mathematical Finance, 4 (2), 75-83

Sawicki, J., & Shrestha, K. (2008). Insider trading and earnings management. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 35(3-4), 331-346.

Schipper, K., 1989. A commentary on earnings management. Accounting Horizons 3 (4), pp. 91-102.

Schlachter, P. J. (1990) Organizational influences on individual ethical behaviour in public accounting. Journal of Business Ethics, 9:839-853.

Scott, W. R. (2000). Financial accounting theory. Prentice Hall Canada.

Shukla, P. (2008), Essentials of Marketing Research. Frederiksberg: Ventus Publishing.

Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1990). Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective. Accounting review, 131-156.

Waweru, M. N. (2014). Determinants of quality corporate governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Kenya and South Africa. Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(5), 455-485.

Waweru, N. M., Prot Ntui, P., & Mangena, M. (2011). Determinants of different accounting methods choice in Tanzania: A positive accounting theory approach. Journal of accounting in emerging economies, 1(2), 144-159.

Wittenberg-Moerman, R. (2008). The role of information asymmetry and financial reporting quality in debt trading: Evidence from the secondary loan market. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 46(2), 240-260.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v2i2.207

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

PAST ISSUES:
20242023202220212020201920182017201620152014
Vol 11, No 2 [2024]Vol 10, No 4 [2023]Vol 9, No 4 [2022]Vol 8, No 4 [2021]Vol 7, No 4 [2020]Vol 6, No 4 [2019]Vol 5, No 4 [2018]Vol 4, No 4 [2017]Vol 3, No 4 [2016]Vol 2, No 2 [2015]Vol 1, No 2 [2014]
 Vol 11, No 1 [2024] Vol 10, No 3 [2023] Vol 9, No 3 [2022]Vol 8, No 3 [2021]Vol 7, No 3 [2020]Vol 6, No 3 [2019]Vol 5, No 3 [2019]Vol 4, No 3 [2017]Vol 3, No 3 [2016]Vol 2, No 1 [2015]Vol 1, No 1 [2014]
  Vol 10, No 2 [2023] Vol 9, No 2 [2022]Vol 8, No 2 [2021]Vol 7, No 2 [2020]Vol 6, No 2 [2019]Vol 5, No 2 [2018]Vol 4, No 2 [2017]Vol 3, No 2 [2016]  
  Vol 10, No 1 [2023] Vol 9, No 1 [2022]  Vol 8, No 1 [2021]Vol 7, No 1 [2020]Vol 6, No 1 [2019]Vol 5, No 1 [2018]Vol 4, No 1 [2017]Vol 3, No 1 [2016]   


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.