ENHANCERS FOR BUILDING SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA
Abstract
In Kenya, the manufacturing sector is important and it makes a substantial contribution to the country’s economic development. But in recent years, the sector’s contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) has worsened due to unforeseen disruptions like workers strikes, terrorist activities, draught incidences, volatility in international oil prices and high cost of production. Therefore, the biggest challenge for the manufacturing sector is on how to deal with unexpected disruptions in order to build supply chain resilience. Thus, the general objective of this study is to investigate enhancers for building supply chain resilience in manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study will adopt cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population will be 613 manufacturing firms in Nairobi and its surroundings, who are members of Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM). The study will use stratified random sampling to pick a sample size of 62 manufacturing firms which represents 14 industrial sectors in manufacturing firms. Data will be collected using questionnaire. Descriptive statistics will be used aided by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 21 to compute percentages of respondents’ answers. Inferential statistics using linear regression and correlation analysis will be applied to assist examining relationship between the research variables.
Key Words: Enhancers, Supply Chain, ResilienceFull Text:
PDFReferences
Alinaghian, S., Aghdasi, M., & Srai, S. (2011). Developing a refined model for purchasing and supply system transformation: benefiting from organizational change theories in purchasing development models. 20th Annual IPSERA Conference, Maastricht,
Bakshi N., & Kleindorfer, P. (2009). Co-opetition and investment for supply-chain resilience. Production and Operations Management, 18 (6) 583-603.
Benjamin R., Mark S., Jerry B., & Marta Z, (2015): Supply chain resilience: definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study. International Journal of Production Research: retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1037934 on: 25 June 2015, at 03:40
Bertalanffy, L. (1951). General Systems Theory: A New Approach to Unity of Science. Human Biology, 3, 23–29.
Bicer, I. (2015). Dual Sourcing under Heavy-tailed Demand: An Extreme Value Theory Approach. International Journal of Production Research: retrieved from http://dxdoi: 10.1080/00207543.201on: 26 July 2015
Bigsten A., Kimuyu P., & Soderbom M. (2010). The Manufacturing Sector, Kenya: Policies for Prosperity. Oxford: University Press.
Blackhurst, J., Dunn, S., & Craighead, W. (2011). An empirically derived framework of global supply resiliency. Journal of Business Logistics, 32 (4), 374-391.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. Somerset, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Bolo A. Z., & Wainana G. (2011). An Empirical Investigation of Supply Chain Management Best Practices in Large Private Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management, 1 (2), 2-3.
Borekci, D., Rofcanin Y., & Gürbüz H. (2014). Organisational Resilience and Relational Dynamics in Triadic Networks: A Multiple Case Analysis. International Journal of Production Research. 1, 1–29
Box, G. E. P., & Jenkins, G. (1976). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. San Francisco: Holden-Day.
Brownlee, J. (2007). Complex Adaptive Systems. Complex Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Centre for Information Technology Research, Technical Report 070302A, Melbourne, Australia.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and Complexity Theories: back to the Future?. Journal of Change Management 4 (4), 309–325.
Business Continuity Institute (2013). Supply Chain Resilience. In 5th Annual Survey, 1–17.
Camp, W. G. (2010). Formulating & Evaluating Theoretical Frameworks for Career & Technical Education Research. Journal of Vocational Education Research, 26(1) 330-357
Carla, R., Martin, C., & Andrea, L. (2014). Achieving supply chain resilience: the enhancers of Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 19 (5/6), 626 – 642.
Carvalho, H., Barroso, A., Machado V., Azevedo, S., & Cruz-Machado, V. (2012). Supply chain redesign for resilience using simulation. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 62 (1), 329-341.
Chan, V., Lui, I., Lun, G., & Nagji, N. (2010). From Nigeria to Benin: Applying a Vendor Awareness Initiative to Combat the Counterfeit Drug Trade. The Meducator 1 (17), 9–12.
Chicksand, D., Watson, G., Walker, H., Radnor, Z., & Johnston R. (2012). Theoretical perspectivesin purchasing and supply chain management: an analysis of the literature. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17 (4), 454-472.
Chika, A., Bello, A., Jimoh, & Umar, T. (2011). The Menace of Fake Drugs: Consequences. Causes and Possible Solutions. Research Journal of Medical Sciences 5 (5), 257–261.
Child, J. (1972). Organizational structure, environment, and performance: the role of strategic choice. Sociology 6, 1–22.
Chimi, C. J., & Russell, D. L. (2009). The Likert Scale: A Proposal for Improvement Using Quasi-Continuous Variables. In The Proceedings of the Information Systems Education Conference, Washington DC: 1542-7382.
Choi, T., Dooley, K., & Rungtusanatham, M. (2001). Supply Networks and Complex Adaptive Systems: Control versus Emergence. Journal of Operations Management ,19 (3), 351–366.
Choi, T., & Hong, Y. (2002). Unveiling the structure of supply networks: case studies in Honda, Acura, and Daimler Chrysler. Journal of Operations Management, 20 (5), 469-493.
Chopra, S., & Sodhi, M. (2014). Reducing the Risks of Supply Chain Disruptions. MIT Sloan Management Review, 55 (3), 73-80.
Christopher, M., & Peck, H. (2004). Building the resilient supply chain. International Journal of Logistics Management, 15 (2), 1-14.
Christopher, M., & Tatham, P. (2011). Humanitarian Logistics: Meeting the Challenge of Preparing for and Responding to Disasters. London: Kogan Page,.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2008). Business Research Methods. (10th ed). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2011). Business Research Methods. (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Craighead, C.W., Blackhurst, J., Rungtusanatham, M. J., & Handfield, R.B. (2007). The severity of supply chain disruptions: design characteristics and mitigation capabilities. Decision Sciences, 38 (1), 131-156.
Cranfield University (2003). Creating resilient supply chain: A practical guide, Centre for Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Cranfield University.
Cresswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Los Angeles: Sage.
Cronbach, L. J. (2004). My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement 64, 391-418.
Deeter-Schmelz, D. (1997). Applying Teams to Logistics Processes: Information Acquisition and the Impact of Team Role Clarity and Norms. Journal of Business Logistics, 18(1), 159–78.
Dill, W. (1958). Environments as an Influence on Managerial Autonomy. Administrative Science Quarterly 2(4), 409–43.
Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1), 105-123.
Dyer,J.(2005).Human Resource Management: Evolving Roles and Responsibilities. Washington DC: Bureau of National Affairs.
Erol, O., Sauser, B., & Mansouri. M. (2010). A Framework for Investigation into Extended Enterprise Resilience. Enterprise Information Systems, 4 (2), 111–136.
Faisal, M.N., Banwet, D.K. & Shankar, R. (2006). Supply chain risk mitigation: modeling the enablers. Business Process Management, 12 (4), 535-552.
Fang, H., Li, C., & Xiao. R. (2012). Supply Chain Network Design Based on Brand Differentiation and Resilient Management. Journal of Information & Computational Science, 9 (14), 3977–3986.
Ferdows, K., & De Meyer, A. (1990). Lasting improvements in manufacturing performance: In search of a new theory. Journal of Operations Management, 9 (2), 168-184.
Fiksel Joseph (2006). Sustainability and resilience: Toward a systems approach. Sustainability: Science, Practice & Policy, 29(2), 1-8.
Frankel, R., Bolumole, Y., Eltantawy, R., Paulraj, A., & Gundlach, G. (2008). The Domain and Scope of SCM’s Foundation Disciplines—Insights and Issues to Advance Research. Journal of Business Logistics 29(1), 1–30.
Fuller, T., & Moran, P. (2001). Small Enterprises as Complex Adaptive Systems: A Methodological Question? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal 13 (1), 47–63.
Giunipero, H. L., Nils-Ole H., & Edda F. E. (2015). Research on the phenomenon of supply chain resilience: a systematic review and paths for further investigation. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 45 (1/2); retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-05-2013-0128 on 12 February 2015
Government of Kenya (2007), Kenya Vision 2030. Nairobi: Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030.
Government of Kenya (2010). 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census, Volume 1 C. Nairobi: Ministry of State for Planning, National Development and Vision 2030, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.
Guyo, W., Kangongo, J., Bowen, M., & Ragui, M. (2013). Supply chain disruption in the floriculture industry: A case study of Equator Flowers. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(7), 246-253.
Hasgall, A. ( 2013). Digital Social Networks as Complex Adaptive Systems. The Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 43 (1), 78–95.
Hearnshaw, E., & Wilson. M. (2013). A Complex Network Approach to Supply Chain Network Theory. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 33 (4), 442–469.
Hendricks, K. (2003). The Effect of Supply Chain Glitches on Shareholder Wealth. Journal of Operations Management, 21(5), 501–22.
Hopkins, K., (2005). Value Opportunity Three: Improving the Ability to Fulfil Demand. Business Week, January 13.
Innes, J., & Booher. D. (1999). Consensus Building and Complex Adaptive Systems. Journal of the American Planning Association, 65 (4), 412–423.
Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 1 (2) 112-133.
Jüttner, U., & Maklan, S. (2011). Supply chain resilience in the global financial crisis: an empirical study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 16 (4), 246- 259.
Kane, M. T. (2006). Educational measurement: validation (4th ed.). West port: American Council of Education
Kathryn A., Marley T., Ward A., & Hill, (2014). Mitigating supply chain disruptions – a normal accident perspective. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(2 ),142 - 152
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley.
Kenya Association of Manufacturers (2012). Manufacturing survey 2012. Nairobi: Kenya Association of Manufacturers.
Kenya Association Manufacturers (2015). Kenya manufacturers & Exporters Directory. (11th ed.). Nairobi: Kenya Association of Manufacturers.
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2013), Economic Survey. Nairobi: Government Printer.
Ketchen Jr. G., & Hult, T.M. (2007). Bridging organization theory and supply chain management: The case of best value supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 25(2) 573-580.
Kleindorfer, P., & Saad, G. (2005). Managing Disruption Risk in Supply Chains. Production and Operations Management, 14(1), 53–68.
Kleindorfer, P. R., & Saad, G.H. (2005). Managing disruption risks in supply chains. Production & Operations Management, 14 (1), 53-68.
Knemeyer, A. M., Zinn, W., & Eroglu, C. (2009). Proactive planning for catastrophic events in Supply chains. Journal of Operations Management, 27 (2), 141-153.
Kochan, T., Katz, H., & McKersie, R. (1986). The Transformation of American Industrial Relations. Massachusetts: Basic Books.
Kombo, D. K., & Tromp, D. L. A. (2009). Proposal and Thesis Writing: An Introduction. Nairobi: Don Bosco Printing Press.
Kothari, C. R. (2009). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (5th ed.). New Delhi: New Age International.
Kothari, C. R. (2009). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (5th ed.). New Delhi: New Age International.
Kraaijenbrink, J., Spender, J., & Groen. A. (2010). The Resource-based View: A Review and Assessment of Its Critiques. Journal of Management 36 (1), 349–372.
Lambert, L., Douglas M., & Michael K. (2004). We're in this together. Harvard Business Review, 82(12), 114-122.
Lakovou, E.,Vlachos, D., & Xanthopoulos, A. (2007). An Analytical Methodological Framework for the Optimal Design of Resilient Supply Chains. International Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalisation 1 (1), 1–20.
Lawson, B., Cousins, P. D., Handfield, R.B., & Petersen, K.J. (2009). Strategic purchasing, supply management practices and buyer performance improvement: an empirical study of UK manufacturing organizations. International Journal of Production Research, 47 (10), 2649-2667.
Luciani, G. (2011). Restrictions of Passage, Accidents and Oil Transportation Norms: Impact on Supply Security (CEPS Working Paper No. 354)
Mandal, S. (2012). An Empirical Investigation into Supply Chain Resilience. The IUP Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9 (4), 46–61.
Manuj, I., & Mentzer, J. T. (2008). Global supply chain risk management strategies. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38 (3), 192- 223.
McCarthy, P., & Ian P. 2003. “Technology Management – A Complex Adaptive Systems Approach.” International Journal of Technology Management 25 (8), 728–745.
Melnyk, S.A., Closs, D.J., Griffis, S.E., Zobel, C.W., & Macdonald, J.R. (2014). Understanding Supply Chain Resilience. Supply Chain Management Review, 18 (1), 34-41.
Merriam-Webster (2007). Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Springfield, MA: Merriam- Webster, Inc.
Montgomery, D.C., Peck, E.A., & Vining, G.G. (2001). Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley.
Mugenda, A. (2008). Social Science Research: Conception, Methodology and Analysis. Nairobi: Kenya Applied Research and Training Services.
Naim, M., Lalwani, C., Fortuin, L., Schmidt, T., Taylor, J., & Aronsson, H. (2000). A model for logistics systems engineering management education in Europe. European Journal of Engineering Education, 25 (1), 65-82.
Nilsson, F. (2003). A Complex Adaptive Systems Approach on Logistics – Implications of Adopting a Complexity Perspective. Sweden: Lund University.
Orodho, J.A. (2008). Techniques of writing research proposals & reports in education and social sciences. Nairobi: Kanezja HP Enterprises.
Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS Survival Manual. A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th ed.). Melbourne: Open University Press.
Park, H.M. (2008). Univariate Analysis and Normality Test Using SAS, Stata, and SPSS.
Working Paper. The University Information Technology Services (UITS) Center for Statistical and Mathematical Computing, Indiana University.
Pathak, Surya D., Day, J., Sawaya, W., & Kristal,M (2007). Complexity and Adaptivity in Supply Networks: Building Supply Network Theory Using a Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective. Decision Sciences 38 (4), 547–580.
Paul, S. R., & Zhang, X. (2010). Testing for normality in linear regression models. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 80(10), 1101-1113.
Paulraj, A., & Chen, I.J. (2007). Environmental uncertainty and strategic supply management: a resource dependence perspective and performance implications. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 43 (3), 29-42.
Pettit, T.J., Croxton, K.L., & Fiksel, J. (2013). Ensuring supply chain resilience: Development and implementation of an assessment tool. Journal of Business Logistics, 34 (1), 46-76.
Pereira, R., Martin, C., & Andrea, L. (2014). Achieving supply chain resilience: the enhancers of Supply Chain Management. An International Journal, 19 (5/6), 626 –642.
Pettit, T.J., Fiksel, J., & Croxton, K.L. (2010). Ensuring supply chain resilience: development of a conceptual framework. Journal of Business Logistics, 31 (1), 1-21.
Pettit, T.J., Croxton, K., & Fiksel, J. (2013). Ensuring Supply Chain Resilience: Development and Implementation of an Assessment Tool. Journal of Business Logistics, 34 (1), 46–76.
Ponomarov, S.Y., & Holcomb, M.C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(1), 124-143.
Purcell, J., & Hutchinson, S. (2007). Frontline managers as agents in the HRM-performance causal chain: theory analysis and evidence. Human Resource Management Journal. 17(1), 3-20.
Republic of Kenya, (2013). Economic Survey. Nairobi Kenya: Government Printers
Rice, J., & Caniato, F. (2003). Building a Secure and Resilient Supply Network. Supply Chain Management Review, 7(5), 22–30.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education.
Scholten, K., Sharkey S., & Fynes B. (2014). Mitigation Processes – Antecedents for Building Supply Chain Resilience. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19 (2), 211–228.
Schuler, R., & Jackson S. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resources management practices. Academy of Management Executive . 9(3), 207-219.
Sheffi, J. (2005). The resilient enterprise: overcoming vulnerability for competitive advantage, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sheffi, Y., & Rice J.B. (2005). A supply chain view of the resilient enterprise. MIT Sloan Management Review, 47(1), 41-48.
Skipper, J., Craighead, C., Byrd, T., & Rainer, K. (2008). Towards a Theoretical Foundation of Supply Network Interdependence and Technology-Enabled Coordination Strategies. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management 38(1), 39–56.
Skipper, J.B., & Hanna, J.B. (2009). Minimizing supply chain disruption risk through enhanced flexibility. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(5), 404-427.
Spiegler, V.L., Mohamed, M.N., & Wikner, J. (2012). A control engineering approach to the assessment of supply chain resilience. International Journal of Production Research, 50 (21), 6162-6187.
Stank, C., Theodore P., Scott B., Keller & Patricia J.D. (2001). Supply chain collaboration and logistical service performance. Journal of Business Logistics, 22(1), 29-48.
Surana, A., Kumara, S., Greaves, M., & Raghavan, U. (2005). Supply-chain Networks: A Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective. International Journal of Production Research 43 (20), 4235–4265.
Svensson, G. (2000). A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Vulnerability in Supply Chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics 30(9), 731–49.
Tang, C.S. (2006). Robust strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions. International Journal of Logistics: Research & Applications, 9 (1), 33-45.
Tomasini, R.M., & Van Wassenhove, L.N. (2009). From preparedness to partnerships: case study research on humanitarian logistics. International Transactions in Operational Research, 16 (5), 549-559.
Towill, D., Naim, M., & Wikner, J. (1992). Industrial Dynamics Simulation Models in the Design of Supply Chains. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 22(5), 3–14.
Transparency International, (2013). Corruption Perceptions Index 2013. Accessed March 30, 2015. http://www.transparency.org/cpi2013/
Trochim, W.M.K. (2006). Introduction to Validity. Retrieved 09 06, 2015 from socialresearchmethods: http:// www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/introval.php.
Urry, J. (2005). The Complexities of the Global. Theory Culture and Society 22 (5), 235–254.
Waiganjo E.W. (2013). Effect of competitive strategies on the relationship between strategic human resource management and firm performance of Kenya’s corporate organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.
Welch, J., & Welch, S. (2007). Get real, get ahead. Business Week, (4034), 100.
Wieland, A., & C. Wallenburg. (2013). The Influence of Relational Competencies on Supply Chain Resilience: A Relational View. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 43 (4), 300–320.
World Economic Forum (2013). Building resilience in supply chains: an initiative of the risk response network in collaboration with Accenture. Industrial Agenda, Accenture, 1- 44.
Wu, T., Huang M., Blackhurst, J., Zhang, L., & Wang, S. (2013). Supply Chain Risk Management: An Agent-Based Simulation to Study the Impact of Retail Stockouts. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 60 (4), 676-686.
Wycisk, C., McKelvey, B., & Hülsmann, M. (2008). Smart Parts Supply Networks as Complex Adaptive Systems: Analysis and Implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 38 (2), 108–125.
Yi, C.Y., Ngai, E.W.T., & Moon, K.L. (2011). Supply chain flexibility in an uncertain environment: exploratory findings from five case studies. Supply Chain Management, 16 (4), 271-283.
Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2012). Business Research Methods (9th ed.). New York: The Free Press.
Zsidisin, G.A. & Wagner, S.M. (2010). Do perceptions become reality? The moderating role of supply chain resiliency on disruption occurrence. Journal of Business Logistics, 31( 2), 1-20.
Zsidisin, G.A., & Wagner, S.M. (2010). Do perceptions become reality? The moderating role of supply chain resiliency on disruption occurrence. Journal of Business Logistics, 31 (2), 1-20
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v2i2.146
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
PAST ISSUES:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.