PREPAREDNESS OF COUNTY GOVERNMENTS ON SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Abstract
The objectives were; assessing the influence of county government security planning, staff training, provision of security management resources and county staff attitude on security management. The study was guided by Security Management Theory. The study adopted mixed methodology and thus applied concurrent triangulation design. The target population comprised of 176 security officers and 384 county staff totaling to 960 respondents from which a sample of 282 respondents were obtained using Yamane’s Formula. Stratified sampling was used to create 11 different strata based on the number of sub-counties in Nakuru County. From each sub-county, two security officers and 24 county staff were selected using purposive sampling. This procedure enabled the researcher to sample 22 security officers and 260 county staff. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from county staff whereas interviews were used to gather qualitative data from the security officers. Piloting of research instruments was conducted amongst 28 respondents from Nakuru County to establish validity and reliability. Validity was ascertained through expert judgment. Reliability was determined using split-half technique and reliability coefficient, r = 0.664, was obtained using Cronbach Alpha which indicated high internal reliability. Data analysis began by identifying common themes. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically along the study objectives and presented in narrative forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and inferentially using ANOVA Test Analysis in Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS 23) and were presented using tables and charts. The study established security management preparedness entails planning, training of staff, provision of resources and attitude change among County Staff. However, such level of preparedness has not ensured a reduction in cases of insecurity in Nakuru County. Thus, the study recommended that Security Officers should formulate policies and plans geared towards ensuring that county governments have security preparedness plans which include setting regulations and availing resources to implement such security management plans. The County Governments should develop a security training module for the County Staff on how to handle security breaches. The County Staff should develop positive attitude towards security management since it is first step towards mitigating the security challenges.
Key Words: Kenya, Security, Nakuru County
CITATION: Teimuge, L. K., & Hamasi, L. (2022). Preparedness of county governments on security management in Nakuru County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 9 (2), 603 – 617.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Action Aid (2014). Insecurity risk reduction through governments in Africa: A ground breaking project.
Alexander, D. (2002). Principles of Emergency Planning and Harpenden Terra publishing: London.
Amuseghan, S. (2010). Effective security services: A penance for the attainment vision 2010. Journal of ANCOPSS Ondo State, 10.
Archeier, H. and Seibel, H. (2000). Small Scale Industries and Economic Development in Ghana. Verlag Breitenbech, Saarbrucken, Germany.
Asian Security Preparedness Center (2008). A Study on Impact of Insecurity on the Education Sector in Cambodia. Bangkok: ADPC.
Ayoob, P. (2002). Security Management Theory. Asia: Mahwah Publishing Press.
Bakinsky, M. (2010). Safeguarding children and school. Melbourne: Deakin University Press.
Baltas, E. (2004). Safety of School Buildings in Greece. International Conference on School Safety and Security, Paris, 12-14.
Bartlett, H. (2009). The single biggest cause of business failure (www.benmbartlett.com)
Bass, R. (2013). The impact of school culture on school safety: An analysis of elementary schools in southwestern metropolitan school district. Retrieved on 2018.
Baykan, S. (2012). Security problems of school education. Ankara University
Belmont, U. (2007). Security management and Preparedness. UNDP; Nairobi.
Bennett, B. (2010). Mud buries school in Wales. Television Network. http://www.aetv.com
Borland, L. (2008). USFA - Emergency Management 101: What Every School
District Needs to know. www.USFA.Fema.govt.shtm.
Brener, N., Lowry, R. & Barriors, L. (2011). Violence Related Behaviours among High School Staff United States, 1991-2003. Journal of School Health, 75: 81 -85.
Comolotti, J. (2009). The importance of school fire drills. Retrieved on 2018
Cooper, M. (2005). Emergent care of Lighting and Electrical injuries. Seminars in Neurology Vol. 15 No. 3, 268 – 278.
Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Danielson, J., Chung, S., Shannon, M. (2009). School Based Emergency Preparedness: A National Analysis and Recommended Protocol Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Publication No. 09-0013.
Donmez, B. & Güven, M. (2002). School safety perceptions and expectations of high school county staff and school managers. Journal of Lifelong Education. 75(74): 60-64.
Downs, M. (2010). Student Safety: School Bus Still Best. www.webmd.com/parenting.
East, E. & James, E. (1985). Management: Systems and Contingency Theory. New York: McGraw Hill
FEMA (2010). How governments can become more Insecurity resistant online www.fema.gov/kids.shtm
FEMA (2004). Design Guide for improving school safety in Earthquakes, floods and High winds. www.fema.gov/plan section 5.6 of FEMA 424.
Fire Fighter Forum (2009). Kenya Fire Safety Manual (1st Ed).
www.nationalinsecurity.go.ke
Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos Making a New Science. New York: Penguin Books.
GoK (2008). Safety Standards Manual for School in Kenya. Nairobi: Ministry of Education.
Holcombe, A., Wolery, M. and Katzenmeyer, J. (2012). Teaching secondary schoolers to avoid abduction by strangers: Evaluation of maintenance strategies; Journal of Student and Family Studies, 4(2), 177-192
Hughes, M. (2004). How Governments of Social Work Perceive and Are Responding to Juvenile Violence: A National Survey. Social Work Education. 23: 63 – 3 75.
IFRC (2000). Introduction to Insecurity Preparedness: Insecurity Preparedness Training Programme. International Strategy for Insecurity Reduction,
ISDR (2010). Review of 8 MDGs’ relevance for insecurity risk reduction and vice-versa, http://www.unisdr.org/eng/mdgs-drr/review-8mdgs.htm
ISDR (2002). Living with Risk: A Global Review of Insecurity Reduction initiatives. United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.
Kadel, S., Watkins, J. & Follman, J. (2008). Reducing school violence: Building a framework for school safety, southeastern regional vision for education. Greensboro: South-eastern Regional Vision for Education Association Press.
Karanja F., Mutua, F. (2011). Reducing the impact of environmental emergencies through early warning and preparedness. www.unu.edu/env/govern/ElNino/CountryReports/pdf/kenya.pdf
Kelly, M. (2010). Fire Drills: How to be prepared and lead during a fire drill. New York Times Company; New York.
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2009). Census-2009. Nairobi; Government Printer
Kimani, P. (2010). Budgeting practices of secondary county governments and bursars. University of Nairobi, Nairobi.
Koç, G. (2013). Factors affecting parents’ choice of schools. Gazi University Vocational Education J., 1(2): 17-27
Kothari, C. (2005). Research Methodology. New International Publishers, New Delhi.
Kumar, G. (2011). Security management. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(7), 66-81.
Landes, J. & Sumption, M. (2007). Citizen Workbook for Evaluating School Buildings. Lowa: Brown Dubuque.
Law, W., Chan, A. & Pun, K. (2006). Prioritizing the safety management elements: a hierarchical analysis for manufacturing enterprises, Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 778 – 792.
Librera, W., Bryant, I. and Martz, S. (2004). The School safety manual: Best Practices Guidelines. Department of Education, Trenton; New Jersey.
Lipmann, B., Peterson, N. & Truman, D. (2003). The Political Construction of Collective Insecurity: From Moral Panic to Blame Avoidance and Organized Responsibility. Centre for European Studies Working Paper.
Martin, K. & Acuna, C. (2002). SPSS for Institutional Researchers. Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press: Lewisburg. 74
Masemola, L. (2009). Scholar suspended after school stabbing. Malawi News. 24
Miller, A. (2014). Violence in USA public schools: 2000 school survey on crime and safety. Washington: Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Press.
Mitchell, C. (2005). The instructional role of elementary school county governments. Canadian Journal of Education 28(3). 409 – 433.
Moe, T. & Pathranarakul, P. (2006). An integrated approach to natural security management success factors. Insecurity Prevention and Management, 15(3), 396.
Mohammed, K. (2011). Violence in Kenyan schools: A New Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morse, J. (2000). Approaches to Qualitative and Quantitative Methodological Triangulation. Nursing Research.
Moses, O. (2010). Financial Management, the school budget, primary. Nairobi: Margitons limited.
Munyasi, A. (2002). Introduction to Security management. Institute of open learning module Kenyatta University.
Mutuku, E. (2012). Role of Board Governors in the management of County Governments in Kasikeu Division. Nzaui District, Kenya
Mwangi, P. (2008). A Survey of the status of Insecurity Preparedness in Public County Governments; A case of Kiharu Division. Murang’a District Unpublished Project, Kenyatta University.
Nderitu, C. (2009). Implementation of safety standards Guidelines in County Governments in Githunguri Division, Nakuru District. Unpublished Project, Kenyatta University.
Noji, E. (2013). The public Health Consequences of Insecurity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ögel, K., Tarı, I. & Eke, C. (2005). Prevention of crime and violence in school. Istanbul: New Publishing.
Omondi, A. (2011). Budgeting in education for a better tomorrow. Journal of Education, (6) 23.
Patkus, B. and Walpole, M. (2007). Insecurity Planning for cultural Institutions. American Association for state and Local History. Nashville.
Peach, L. & Reddick, T. (2006). Counselors can make a difference in preventing adolescent suicide. J. School Counselor, 39: 107-110.
Pearson, C. & Judith, C. (2008). Reframing Crisis Management. Academy of Management, 23: 60.
Perone, D. (2008). The relationship between school climate and school safety: Perceptions of urban middle school staff and county staff. Retrieved on 2018
Rowan, P. (2001). Kenya: School fire kills at least 59. Retrieved on 13-12-2018
Republic of Kenya (2001). Health and Safety Standards in Educational Institutions Circular REF No. G9/1/169. 2008).
Republic of Kenya (2008). Safety Standards Manual for Governments in Kenya (1st Ed.) Governments as Safe Zones. 75
Roeder, W. (2003). Lighting Safety: It could Save your life. Observer – The Magazine for Air Force Weather, July - August 03, 32 - 33.
Schneider, T., Walker, H. & Sprague, J. (2009). Safe school design: A handbook for educational leaders- Applying the principles of crime prevention through environmental design. Educational Management of Oregon University Press.
Scotland School Estate (2003). Fire Safety in Governments: Building our Future.
Srednicki, H. (2002). Helping Staff at Home and School: Handouts for your
school psychologist. Network for Instructional TV Inc.; New Jersey.
Stephens, R. (2005). Safe Governments: a hand book for violence prevention. Bloomington: National Educational Service Press.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v9i2.2285
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
PAST ISSUES:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.