ENGAGEMENT OF FATHERS IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Abstract
This study examined the evolving engagement of fathers in children's development in African contexts, with emphasis on evolving male roles in care both at home and in community environments. Using a descriptive research methodology guided by a socio-cultural theory, father involvement was examined in major dimensions of emotional availability, physical care, economic provision, and moral direction. The research targeted African fathers, including teen fathers, social fathers, and biological fathers with varying socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. Evidence was collected by conducting a broad literature review of empirical studies, policy documents, and national and international reports of various African countries. Purposive sampling was used in choosing case studies illustrating diverse fatherhood experiences in both urban and rural settings. The data were thematically coded to explore the effect of father involvement on children's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development. The findings indicate that increased levels of paternal involvement have a strong positive effect on child well-being, academic achievement, emotional adjustment, and reduced levels of behavioral problems. The study also reveals how recent changes in society—such as women's greater entry into the workforce and changed family forms—have stimulated more active parenting roles for men. Teen fathers and non-traditional fathers shared similarly ambivalent, often conflicted views of their position as caregivers and breadwinners. Despite these shifts, the majority of fathers still see economic provision as their core function, often leaving active caregiving responsibilities aside out of cultural or socio-economic necessity. The study calls for policy and interventions in favor of father-inclusive early childhood development (ECD) programs, raising the consciousness of the expanded fathering role of men as parents, as well as institutional facilitation of fathers' participation. Overall, the study underlines the necessity but traditionally overlooked role of fathers in the completing child development and calls for a cultural shift towards more equitable parenting approaches in Africa.
Key words: Emotional Wellbeing, Psychological Development, Children
CITATION: Isaboke, H. G. (2022). Engagement of fathers in child development. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 9 (4), 1783 – 1795.
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