INFLUENCE OF TEAMWORK AND PERCEIVED ORGANISATION SUPPORT ON WORK ENGAGEMENT IN KENYAN MEDIA HOUSES
Abstract
This study was conceived to investigate how teamwork and perceived organisation support influences work engagement with focus being on the media industry in Kenya. To achieve its objective the study employed descriptive research design. The target population was drawn from the major television station players in the media industry. These were Citizen TV, Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC), Kenya Television Network (KTN) and Nation TV (NTV).
The target population was 188 anchors, editors, researches and reporters in the selected TV stations. A sample of 56 selected employees was selected using proportionate sampling where 30% of the target population was taken as a sample. The study relied on primary data collected from structured questionnaires that were dropped and later picked. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis conducted with the help of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The data was presented in form of figures and tables and beefed up with narrative explanations.
The study found that there was no clarity on the nature/ levels of work engagement, teamwork and perceived organisational support in the media houses surveyed. The study found that some aspects of the variables studies were favourable while others were unfavourable. The study found that teamwork and perceived organisational support have positive and significant influence on work engagement.
The study recommends that the organisations need to critically re-examine teamwork and aspects of perceived organization support which were found wanting and have an unfavourable influence on work engagement.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1988). Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and minimal intergroup discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology,
Andreassen,C.S., Ursin, H., & Ericksen, H.R (2007) The relationship between strong motivation at work ,workoholism, and health. Psychology and Health, 22,615 -629.
Aguilar,A. & Salaniva, M.(2009), Leadership styles and its relationship with subordinate well-being” (Manuscript submitted for publication)
Asalange J & Eisenberger R (2003) Perceived organization Support and Psychological contracts: A Theoretical intergration. Journal of organization Behavior 24,491-509.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Taris, T., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schreurs, P. (2003). A multi-group analysis of the job demands–resources model in four home—care organizations. International Journal of Stress Management, 10, 16–38.
Bakker, A.B., Gierveld, J.H., & Van Rijswijk, K. (2006). Success factors among female school principals in primary teaching: A study on burnout, work engagement, and performance. Diemen the Netherlands: Right Management Consultants.
Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job Resources Boost Work Engagement Particularly When Job Demands Are High. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 274-284.
Bakker, A.B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 309-328.
Bakker,A.B., Euwema M.E., & Van Dieren, G. (2007). Job resources foster work engagement and motivation to change. Manuscript submitted for publication
Bakker,B.A. (2006) The Job Demands-Resources model: state of the art Emerald insight journal 22 , 309 - 328
Bates, S. (2004). Getting Engage. HR Magazine,49 (2) 44-51.
Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.
Collender G., (2010), The media in Kenya. Accessed on 24 May 2012 from
www.stanhopecentre.org/training/EA/Kenya.doc
Cook. S. (2008) The Essential guide to Employee Engagement; Better Business Performance through Staff Satisfaction. Philadelphia, England: Replica Press.
Cropanzano. R and Mitchell M. (2005).Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review Journal of Management 31; 874. DOI: 10.1177/0149206305279602.
Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86,499-512.
Doi, Y. (2005), An epidemiologic review on occupational sleep research among Japanese worker Industrial Health, 43, 3-10.
Dworkin, G. (1988). The theory and practice of autonomy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, Vol. 87 (4), 698.
Eisenberg R., Huntington R., Hutchinson S., & Sowa D., (1986). Perceived organization Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 71 pp.500-507.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R, & Hutchinson, Sowa,.D. (1986) Perceived organization Support .Journal of Applied Psychology 71,51-59.
Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2: 335-362.
Erickson, B. (2004). Nature Times Nurture: How Organizations can optimize Their Peoples Contribution .Journal of Organizational Excellence. 24 (1) p.26.
Evangelia ,D., Arnold, B., Fieldhelm, N. & Wilmar, S. (2001). Job Demand Resource model of Burnout 1. Journal of Applied Psychology 309, 7. Retrieved
on 8th July 2011 from http://www.campbell3.com/uploads/Job_Demand_Resourse_Model_Bakker.pdfFederman, B. (2009). Employee Engagement: A Roadmap for Creating Profits, Optimizing Performance and increasing loyalty. San Fransisco, CA :Jossey-Bass.
Fields ,D.L. (2002).Taking the measure of work: a guide to validated scales for organizational Research and Diagnosis .California: Sage.
Frank, F.D., Finnegan, R.P. & Taylor, C.R. (2004). The race for talent: retaining and engaging workers in the 21st century. Human Resource Planning, 27 (3), 12-25.
Fredrickson, B, L. (1998). Positive emotions and Upward Spirals in organization Retrieved on 8th July 2011 http://www.brocku.ca/channels/learning
Gagne´, M. & Deci,L,E. (2005).Self-determination theory and work motivation Journal of Organizational Behavior 26, 331–362 DOI: 10.1002/job.322
Gary S. Hansen and Birger Wernerfelt : Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1989), pp. 399-411 Published by: John Wiley & Sons Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2486469 Accessed: 30/03/2010 09:11
Gill, F. 1999. The meaning of work: Lessons from sociology, psychology, and political theory. The Journal of socio-Economics, 28, 725-743.
Gilliland,S., Douglas D.S.,& Skarlick,D,S. (2007) .Managing Social and Ethical Issues in Organizations.U.S :Information Age.
Hackman J,R. & Oldham G.R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work; Test of a theory Organization Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250-279.
Hackman, J.R., & Oldham, G.R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Hakanen, J., Bakker, A.B., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. The Journal of School Psychology, 43, 495-513.
Halbesleben. J.R.B., & Buckley, M.R. (2004).Burnout in organizational life. Journal of Human Relations, 45, 321-49.
Hamilton,C. (2008). Communicating for Results: A Guide for Business and the Professions (9th Ed.). Boston,MA :Wadsworth.
Hansen S & Wernerfelt, B. (1989). Determinants of Firm Performance: The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational .Factors Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5. (Sep. - Oct., 1989), pp. 399-411.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1998). Stress, Culture and Community. The psychology and philosophy of stress. New York: Plenum.
Hobfoll, S. E., Johnson, R. J., Ennis, N., & Jackson, A. P. (2003). Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 632–643.
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Erez, A., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: The role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, Vol. 2, 257–268.
Kahn, W.A. (1990).Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal. 33, 692-724.
Kahn, W.A. (1992), ―To be full there: psychological presence at work, Human Relations,45,321-49.
Kariithi,N. & Esipisu,I. (2009). New Media Development in Kenya .Global Media Journal African Edition,1, 21. doi: 10.5789/1-1-45.
Kent,A,Raymond (2001) Data construction and data analysis for survey research .Hampshire N.Y :Palgrave.
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., van Doornen, L. J. P., & Schaufeli, W. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a difference? Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 521-532.
Lee ,R.T & Ashforth,B.E (1996).A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of Job burnout .Journal of applied psychology,81,123-133 doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123
Llorens, S., Bakker, A.B., Schaufeli, W.B., & Salanova, M. (2006). Testing the robustness of the Job Demands-Resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 13, 378-391.Luthans, Fred. 2002(a). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23/6 (September): 695-706.
Luthans, F. (2002a). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695–706.
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. 2007b. Positive workplaces. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Macey,W. Schneider,B., Barbera, K. & Young, S. (2009). Employee Engagement Tools for Analysis, Practice and Competitive Advantage (xiv).West Sussex, UK: Blackwell publishing Management.30, 859-79.
Malinowski, B. 1922. Argonauts of the western Pacific: An account of native enterprise and adventure in the archipelagos of Melansian New Guinea. London: Routledge
Maslach, C., Schaufelli, W.B. & Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology.52, 397-422.
Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Ruokolainen, M. (2007). Job demands and resources as antecedents of work engagement: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, 149–171.
Mauss, M. 1925. The gift: Forms and functions of exchange in archaic societies. New York: The Norton Library.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L. & Harter, L. M. 2004. The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. J. D. Drenth, H. Thierry, & C. J. de Wolff (Eds.), Handbook of work and organisational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 5–33). Hove, England: Psychology Press/Erlbaum.
Mostert, K. & Rothmann, S. 2006. Work‐related well‐being in the South African Police Service. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(5),
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Mshindi T. & Mbeke, P. O. (2008) .Kenya media sector analysis report, Canadian International Development Agency Kenya (CIDA-Kenya)
Mugenda,O.M. & Mugenda, A. G. (2003). Research Method Quantitative & Qualitative Approaches: Nairobi, Kenya: Arts Press.
Mutunga,N,C (2009) Factors That Contribute To The Level Of Employee Engagement In The Telecommunications Industry In Kenya: Case Study Of Zain Kenya .(Masters Project, University of Nairobi).Retrived 8th July 2011 from University of Nairobi Database.
Näswall,K. Hellgren J, & Sverke, M.(2007)The individual in the changing working life New York ,US. Cambridge .
Nickerson,S.R. (Eds.). (1995). Emerging needs and opportunities for human factors research. Washington D.C: National Academy.
Omolo, O, P.(1993) Press Freedom and the Role of the Media in Kenya .Africa Media Review, 7,22-22.
Pinto,A,J (2010) Employee Engagement Practices in Media Industry In India PHD project,Symbiosis International University,India).Retrieved on 20th September 2011 from http://www.siu.edu.in/pdf/Synopses/ashish_Pinto.pdf
Psikology,B., Nomor,V,T., (1997). The Job Characteristics Theory A Review Retrieved on 8th july 2011 from http://docs.google.com/viewer
Reading F.H. (1996). Dictionary of the Social Sciences New Delhi: Atlantic.
Rhoades, L. & Eisenberger, R. (2002).Perceived organizational support: a review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 698-714.
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 825–836.
Robinson, D., Perryman, S. and Hayday, S. (2004). The Drivers of Employee Engagement. Brighton, Institute for Employment Studies.
Rothbard,N.P.(2001)Enriching or Depleting ?The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 655-684.
Rothmann, S. & Storm, K. (2003, May). Engagement in the South African Police Services. Poster session presented at the 11th European Congress on Work and Organizational Psychology. Lisbon, Portugal.
Rousseau, D.M. (1995) .Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Ruth, W., Hackman ,R,, Lehman,E. (2005). Team Diagnostic Survey Development of an Instrument. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 41 (4), 373-3.
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. 2001. On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 139-170.
Saks, M, A. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21 (7), 600 – 619.
Salanova, M., Agut, S. & Peiro, J.M. (2005).Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate. Journal of Applied Psychology. 90, 1217-27. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1217
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonza´lez-Roma´, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002b). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 25, 293-315.
Schaufeli, W.B., & Salanova, M. (2007). Work engagement: An emerging psychological concept and its implications for organizations. In Gilliland S.W., D.D. Steiner, &. Skarlicki D.P (Eds.), Research in Social Issues in Management (Volume 5): Managing Social and Ethical Issues in Organizations. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers.
Schaufeli, W.B., Martinez, I., Pinto, A.M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A.B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross national study. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology 33(5), 464-481.
Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V. & Bakker, A.B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmative analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.
Seligman, M, E, P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C. R. Snyder & S.J. Lopez (Eds.), The handbook of positive psychology (pp. 3-12). New York: Oxford Press.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2003). Positive psychology: Fundamental assumptions. The Psychologist, 16, 126–127.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Setton R. P.,Bennet, N., and Liden R.C.(1996). Social Exchange in Organization; Perceived Organization Support Leader Member Exchange and employee Reciprocity. Journal of applied Psychology 81,219-27.
Shore, L., Barksdale, K., & Shore, T. (1995). Managerial perceptions of employee commitment to the organization. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1593–1615.
Simon L. Albretch. Handbook of Employee Engagement Perpective,Issues,Research and Practise .Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
Taris, T,W. & Feij, J.A. (2004). Learning and strain among newcomers: a three-wave study on the effects of job demands and job control. Journal of Psychology. 138, pp. 543-63.
Tajfel, H. (1972). Social categorization. English manuscript of La Categoristion sociale. In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Introduction a la pyschologie sociale, vol. 1. (pp. 272–302) Paris7: Larousse.
Tower Perin (2003).Working Today: Understanding what drives Employee Engagement. Stanford ,CT. Towers Perrin.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. (2006).The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model manuscript submitted for publication.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker,A., Demerouti E., Schaufeli, B,W., (2009) Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behaviour 74 235–244 Retrieved on 8th July 2012 from http://www.beanmanaged.eu/pdf/articles/arnoldbakker/article_arnoldbakker_194.pdf.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v2i2.114
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
PAST ISSUES:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.