ASSESSING NATURAL RESOURCE ENDOWMENT AND CONFLICTS IN AFRICA

JOHN GACINYA, PhD, PGDE

Abstract


This article evaluates the impact of natural resource on conflicts on Africa and subsequent effect on security in Africa. This study is qualitative and based on secondary data that were analysed textually. Hinged on the greed and grievance, resource curse and political ecology theories, the study explains that the mismanagement of resources, greed and grievance have had endless negative implications on national security, national growth and development. The issues that have come to the fore in resource management in some selected African countries include resentful intergroup relations, militancy, leadership incompetence, corruption and war lordism. The article recommends that effective resource management strategies in Africa are key in curbing the plaguing conflicts resulting from resource ownership on the continent of Africa.

Keywords: Natural Resources, Conflict, Africa, Resource Curse, Governance, Laws and Norms

CITATION: Gacinya, J. (2024). Assessing natural resource endowment and conflicts in Africa. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 11 (2), 1416 – 1436.

 http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v11i2.2993


Full Text:

PDF

References


Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2003). An African success story: Botswana. In D. Rodrik (Ed.), In Search of Prosperity: Analytic Narratives on Economic Growth (pp. 80-119). Princeton University Press.

Alden Wily, L. (2018). Customary tenure: Remaking property for the 21st century. Land, 7(3), 86.

Alden, C., & Alves, A. C. (2009). China and Africa's natural resources: The challenges and implications for development and governance. South African Journal of International Affairs, 16(3), 355-371.

Asante, S. K. B. (2020). Regional integration and cooperative development in Africa. African Studies Review, 63(3), 495-511.

Ashton, P. J. (2002). Avoiding conflicts over Africa's water resources. Ambio, 31(3), 236-242.

Asuni, J. B. (2022). The Niger Delta: The true tragedy of the commons. African Security Review, 31(1), 20-35.

Autesserre, S. (2010). The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding. Cambridge University Press.

Auty, R. M. (1993). Sustaining development in mineral economies: The resource curse thesis. Routledge.

Bavinck, M., Pellegrini, L., & Mostert, E. (2014). Conflicts over natural resources in the Global South: Conceptual approaches. CRC Press.

Bebbington, A. (2013). Extractive industries and stunted states: Conflict, responsibility and institutional change in the Andes. Society & Natural Resources, 26(4), 378-394.

Berman, N. (2022). Resource Wars: Securing Access and Militarization in Africa. Journal of International Security Studies, 28(3), 45-67.

Berne Declaration. (2013). Land grabbing in Africa: The rush for land and the rights of the poor. Berne Declaration.

Bieri, F. (2010). From blood diamonds to the Kimberley Process: How NGOs cleaned up the global diamond industry. Ashgate.

Bieri, F. (2010). From blood diamonds to the Kimberley Process: How NGOs cleaned up the global diamond industry. Ashgate.

Carmody, P. (2011). The new scramble for Africa. Polity.

Carmody, P. (2011). The new scramble for Africa. Polity.

Carmody, P. (2011). The new scramble for Africa. Polity.

Carmody, P. (2016). The new scramble for Africa: Imperialism, investment and development. Polity Press.

Carmody, P. (2021). The new scramble for Africa: Imperialism, investment and development. Polity Press.

Cascão, A. E., & Nicol, A. (2016). GERD: new norms of cooperation in the Nile Basin? Water International, 41(4), 550-573.

Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4), 563-595.

EITI. (2023). Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Retrieved from https://eiti.org/

FAO. (2020). State of the World's Forests 2020: Forests, biodiversity, and people. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Ghana Chamber of Mines. (2019). Performance of the mining industry in 2018. Retrieved from https://ghanachamberofmines.org/

Haufler, V. (2010). Disclosure as governance: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and resource management in the developing world. Global Environmental Politics, 10(3), 53-73.

Hilson, G., & Maconachie, R. (2019). Artisanal and small-scale mining and the Sustainable Development Goals: Opportunities and new directions for sub-Saharan Africa. Geoforum, 111, 73-86.

Johnson, D. H. (2016). South Sudan: A new history for a new nation. Ohio University Press.

Johnson, D. H. (2016). South Sudan: A new history for a new nation. Ohio University Press.

Kimenyi, M. S., & Lewis, Z. A. (2016). The impact of conflict and political instability on natural resource governance in Africa. Brookings Institution.

Klare, M. T. (2001). Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict. Henry Holt and Company.

Lacher, W. (2020). Libya’s Fragmentation: Structure and Process in Violent Conflict. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Lacher, W. (2020). Libya’s Fragmentation: Structure and Process in Violent Conflict. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Le Billon, P. (2001). Angola’s political economy of war: The role of oil and diamonds, 1975–2000. African Affairs, 100(398), 55-80.

Le Billon, P. (2001). Angola’s political economy of war: The role of oil and diamonds, 1975–2000. African Affairs, 100(398), 55-80.

Le Billon, P. (2001). The political ecology of war: Natural resources and armed conflicts. Political Geography, 20(5), 561-584.

Le Billon, P. (2001). The political ecology of war: Natural resources and armed conflicts. Political Geography, 20(5), 561-584.

Le Billon, P. (2020). Wars of plunder: Conflicts, profits and the politics of resources. Hurst.

Lujala, P. (2010). The spoils of nature: Armed civil conflict and rebel access to natural resources. Journal of Peace Research, 47(1), 15-28.

Mbaye, S. (2019). Colonial legacy, institutions and economic development in Africa. World Development, 120, 112-125.

Mehlum, H., Moene, K., & Torvik, R. (2006). Institutions and the resource curse. The Economic Journal, 116(508), 1-20.

Ncube, M., Lufumpa, C. L., & Kayizzi-Mugerwa, S. (2014). The Emerging Middle Class in Africa. Routledge.

Olsson, O. (2020). Natural resources and economic growth: Understanding the resource curse. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Ovadia, J. S. (2016). The petro-developmental state in Africa: Making oil work in Angola, Nigeria and the Gulf of Guinea. Hurst & Company.

Patey, L. (2017). A vulgar display of power: The political economy of oil in the Sudan. African Affairs, 116(463), 299-320.

Patey, L. (2017). A vulgar display of power: The political economy of oil in the Sudan. African Affairs, 116(463), 299-320.

Prunier, G. (2009). Africa's world war: Congo, the Rwandan genocide, and the making of a continental catastrophe. Oxford University Press.

Prunier, G. (2009). Africa's world war: Congo, the Rwandan genocide, and the making of a continental catastrophe. Oxford University Press.

Ross, M. L. (2012). The Oil Curse: How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of Nations. Princeton University Press.

Ross, M. L. (2012). The oil curse: How petroleum wealth shapes the development of nations. Princeton University Press.

Ross, M. L. (2015). The oil curse: How petroleum wealth shapes the development of nations. Princeton University Press.

Ross, M. L. (2015). The oil curse: How petroleum wealth shapes the development of nations. Princeton University Press.

Sala-i-Martin, X., & Subramanian, A. (2013). Addressing the natural resource curse: An illustration from Nigeria. Journal of African Economies, 22(4), 570-615.

Shaxson, N. (2007). Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil. Palgrave Macmillan.

Smillie, I., Gberie, L., & Hazleton, R. (2000). The heart of the matter: Sierra Leone, diamonds & human security. Partnership Africa Canada.

Smillie, I., Gberie, L., & Hazleton, R. (2000). The heart of the matter: Sierra Leone, diamonds & human security. Partnership Africa Canada.

Sovacool, B. K. (2021). Visions of Energy Futures: Imagining and Innovating Low-Carbon Transitions. Routledge.

Sovacool, B. K., Walter, G., Van de Graaf, T., & Andrews, N. (2016). Energy governance, transnational rules, and the resource curse: Exploring the effectiveness of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). World Development, 83, 179-192.

Stearns, J. K. (2012). Dancing in the glory of monsters: The collapse of the Congo and the great war of Africa. PublicAffairs.

Stearns, J. K. (2012). Dancing in the glory of monsters: The collapse of the Congo and the great war of Africa. PublicAffairs.

Stearns, J. K. (2023). Dancing in the glory of monsters: The collapse of the Congo and the great war of Africa. PublicAffairs.

Thurber, M. C., Hults, D. R., & Heller, P. R. P. (2011). The limits of institutional design in oil sector governance: Exporting the "Norwegian Model". Energy Policy, 39(9), 6024-6036.

UNEP. (2020). Environmental impact of oil exploitation in the Niger Delta. United Nations Environment Programme.

UNFCCC. (2015). The Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement

Watts, M. (2004). Resource curse? Governmentality, oil, and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Geopolitics, 9(1), 50-80.

Watts, M. (2004). Resource curse? Governmentality, oil, and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Geopolitics, 9(1), 50-80.

Watts, M. (2019). Petro-violence: Community, extraction, and political ecology of a mythic commodity. In Violent Environments (pp. 189-212). Cornell University Press.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v11i2.2993

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

PAST ISSUES:
20242023202220212020201920182017201620152014
Vol 11, No 3 [2024]Vol 10, No 4 [2023]Vol 9, No 4 [2022]Vol 8, No 4 [2021]Vol 7, No 4 [2020]Vol 6, No 4 [2019]Vol 5, No 4 [2018]Vol 4, No 4 [2017]Vol 3, No 4 [2016]Vol 2, No 2 [2015]Vol 1, No 2 [2014]
 Vol 11, No 2 [2024] Vol 10, No 3 [2023] Vol 9, No 3 [2022]Vol 8, No 3 [2021]Vol 7, No 3 [2020]Vol 6, No 3 [2019]Vol 5, No 3 [2019]Vol 4, No 3 [2017]Vol 3, No 3 [2016]Vol 2, No 1 [2015]Vol 1, No 1 [2014]
 Vol 11, No 1 [2024] Vol 10, No 2 [2023] Vol 9, No 2 [2022]Vol 8, No 2 [2021]Vol 7, No 2 [2020]Vol 6, No 2 [2019]Vol 5, No 2 [2018]Vol 4, No 2 [2017]Vol 3, No 2 [2016]  
  Vol 10, No 1 [2023] Vol 9, No 1 [2022]  Vol 8, No 1 [2021]Vol 7, No 1 [2020]Vol 6, No 1 [2019]Vol 5, No 1 [2018]Vol 4, No 1 [2017]Vol 3, No 1 [2016]   


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.