POLITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MOGADISHU SOMALIA

AHMED MOHAMUD OSMAN

Abstract


Economic development is crucial aspect for the development of a country or a nation. The issue of political factors affecting the socio economic development in Mogadishu seems recovering new building, infrastructure and population increase in the city are visible. Economic development objectives attainment will be hard job and journey or adventure. Somalia had seen the actual relationship between economic development and instability. In Somalia civil war in1990 and continued for twenty five years. Prior the civil war time meaning 70s, and 80s, there was a greater political stability in the country and actually, the economic development initiatives or objectives have been visible. There were many development projects or programs, infrastructure improvement, investment of the different sectors of economic fields. But when the civil war continued in the last twenty five years there were no economic development initiatives on the development of infrastructure, industry, trade and other social development project and schemes. This means that political in stability hindered all economic development initiatives. In this regard economist sees political instability the most harmfully and negatively influencing economic development. Because it seems to economists that other relating issues influencing economic development negatively could be remedied but the political instability is somehow vital aspect to economic development. There are many production, services, skills, capital, investment and commodity movements and exchanges for both in the short term and in the long term form place to place through different means or systems. These are very crucial and important to economic development objectives but when there is political instability the movements of these could and can be smooth and timely. Because of greater effect of much material, resources and resources involved economic transactions, the political factor affecting social economic development ruins or hinders the attainment sacrificed. The results from the study research study from the data collection, which was done by survey questionnaires for suitable questions related to the topic indicated the outcome of the findings that political factors affected the economic development in Mogadishu Somalia.

Key terms: Socio-Economic Development, People Displacement, Health Sector Collapse, Education Sector Collapse, Central Government Collapse


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abiad, Abdul, Glovanni Dell'Ariccia, and Bin Li. 2011. ''Creditless Recoveries,'' working paper 11/58, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.

Ahluwalia, Montek. S., 1976, ''Inequality, Poverty and Development'', Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 3, No. 4.

Ahrend R & Winograd C (2002), ''The political Economy of Imperfect Taxation and suistanable Privatisation: When do Countries privatise, and who gets the spoils,'' working paper No.13, DELTA, Paris.

Ake, C. (1994). Democratization of Disempowerment in Africa. Lagos: Malthouse Press.

Ali. (2009). A Policy Framework for Transiting from Post-Conflict Recovery to Sustainable Development in Sub Saharan Africa. J. Afr.Econ. 18(1):12-52.

Ballentine, K. & Sherman, J. (eds.), (2003). The political economy of armed conflict. Beyond greed and grievance Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Barry, Brian (1995) political Argument london: Routledge and K. paul.

Boyne G.A (1996), ''competition and local government: A public choice perspective'', Urbun studies, in public administration review vol.76

Buchanan (2000) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of plants. American. Society of plant physiologist.

CentralIntelligence Agency (2011). Somalia. The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-05.

Chandran, (2004). Effects of Temporal framing on judgement.

Collier, & Hoeffler. (2000). Greed and Grievance in Cold War. World Bank. World Bank.

Collier, & Hoeffler. (2008). Beyond Greed and Grievance Feasibility and Civil War. World Bank.

Collier, P., and and Venables, T. (2008). ''Trade and Economic Performance: Does Africa's Fragmentation Matter?''Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Cape Town, South Africa.

Cramer, C. (2006). Civil War is not a stupid thing. Accounting for violence in Developing Countries, London: Hurts and Co.

Crisp, J. (2000) A state of Insecurity: The political Economy of Violencein Dadaab Refugee camps. African Affair, 99, 601- 632.

Cronbach, L. J. (1971). test validation. In R. L. Thorndike (Ed) . Education Measurement (2nd Ed). Washignton, D. C.: american Council on Education.

EPRC, Economic Policy Research Centre. (2011). Role of Higher Education in Poverty reduction in Uganda. Kampala: Makerere.

Farah, Mohamed Abdi (2007-01-01). Somalia: Islamists lost their last strongholds.

Frankel, Benjamin (1992). The cold war, 1945-1991: leaders and other important figures in the soviet union, Eastern Europe, China, and the third World. Gale reasercher. p. 306.

HAYNES, S. (2008). DISPLACED PEOPLE AND THE CHALLENGE TO DEVELOPMENT. LEEDS: University of Leeds.

Hentschel, J., (2000). combining census and survey data to trace the spatial dimensions of poverty.

Hoeffler,(2004) oxford Economic papers, Volume 50, Issue 4, 1 October 1998.

Internal displacementmonitoring center (2012). Global estimates 2011: people displaced by natural hazard-induced disasters. Geneva.

Johansson, TB. and Goldmberg,J. eds. 2002. Energy for sustainable development: A policy Agenda. New York: UNDP.

krejcie,R. V. & Morgan D. W.,(1970). determining sample size for research activities, Educational and psychological measurement.

Lanjouw (2000). Combining census and survey data to trace the spatial dimensions of poverty.

Lanjouw, J.O., spatial econometrics: method and models. Boston, USA, Kluwer Academic publishers.

Lanjouw, S. M. (2000). Internal Displacement in Burma. Disasters, 24(3), pp. 228-239.

Leeson (2007), Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007 Nov;6(11):881-90. doi:10.1038/nrd2445. The influence of drugs-like concepts on decision-making in medicinal chemistry.

Leeson, P. (2007). Better off Stateless.

Lewis, S. a. (2009). The Role of Health in Economic Development.

Little , Peter D., (2003), Somalia: Economy without state. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington.

Little, P. (2003). Somalia : Economy Without state. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Malusa, (1990). A checklist of the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae) Can. J. Bot. 68.

Mariam, C. (2001). Poverty Reduction and Health Sector. World Bank Publications.

Menkhaus (2006), Somalia: state collapse and the threat of Global terrorism. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.

menkhaus. (2006). Governace without government in somali: spoiler,state building, and the politics of coping.

Menkhaus. (2006). Somalia After collapse of Siad Barre.

Ministry of Economic Development and the Treasury (2005) Growth through innovation: Economic Development Indicators 2005.

Ministry of Security somalia. (2011). Somalia Annual Security Report . Mogadishu.

N.Ssewanyana, M. O. (2007). Development Impact of higher education in Uganda. Kampala: Makerere.

National Academy of science (U.S.). committee on Human Rights, Institute of medicine (U.S.). Committee on health and Human Rights, Scientists and Human rights in Somalia: report of a delegation, (National Academies: 1988), p. 9.

Richard (1997). Mending rips in the sky: options for Somali communities in the 21st century. Red Sea press. p. 226.

Rugumamu, & Gbla. (2003). Studies in Reconstruction and Capacity Building in Post-Conflict Countries in Africa: Sierra Leone and Uganda. African Building Capacity Foundation.

Rugumamu,S. (2005). Globalization Demystified: Africa's possible futures. Tanzania: Dar es Salaam University.

Ryan, Alan (1996) ''Hobbe's political philosophy'' In the cambridge companion to Hobbes, 208-145. Cambridge:Cambridge university press.

Tisdell, Clem (1995). ''Transaction costs and markets for science, technology and knownhow.'' Australian Economic Papers 34(64): 136-151.

UNDP. (2010). Human Development Report . Newyork: UNDP.

UNFPA. (2014). POPULATION ESTIMATION. Nairobi: UNON.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UNOCHA. (2004). Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,. Geneva: United Nations Publications.

Veiga, A. A. (2010). How Does Political Instability Affect Economic Growth. Santiago.

Wolf, B. (2011). Poverty and poor health: Can health care reform narrow the rich-poor gap.

World Bank, (2007). World development Indicators. World Bank, Washington, DC.

World Bank, UNDP, (2003). Socio-Economic survey 2002- Somalia. UNDP and the World Bank,Washington DC/New York.

World Bank. (2007). Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper assessment. Washington DC: World Bank.

world bank. 2000. world development report 2000-2001. Washington DC.

Young, C. (2004). The end of the Post-Colonial State in Africa? Reflexions on Changing African Political Dynamics. African Affairs, 103, pp. 23-49.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v5i1.621

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

PAST ISSUES:
20242023202220212020201920182017201620152014
Vol 11, No 4 [2024]Vol 10, No 4 [2023]Vol 9, No 4 [2022]Vol 8, No 4 [2021]Vol 7, No 4 [2020]Vol 6, No 4 [2019]Vol 5, No 4 [2018]Vol 4, No 4 [2017]Vol 3, No 4 [2016]Vol 2, No 2 [2015]Vol 1, No 2 [2014]
 Vol 11, No 3 [2024] Vol 10, No 3 [2023] Vol 9, No 3 [2022]Vol 8, No 3 [2021]Vol 7, No 3 [2020]Vol 6, No 3 [2019]Vol 5, No 3 [2019]Vol 4, No 3 [2017]Vol 3, No 3 [2016]Vol 2, No 1 [2015]Vol 1, No 1 [2014]
 Vol 11, No 2 [2024] Vol 10, No 2 [2023] Vol 9, No 2 [2022]Vol 8, No 2 [2021]Vol 7, No 2 [2020]Vol 6, No 2 [2019]Vol 5, No 2 [2018]Vol 4, No 2 [2017]Vol 3, No 2 [2016]  
 Vol 11, No 1 [2024] Vol 10, No 1 [2023] Vol 9, No 1 [2022]  Vol 8, No 1 [2021]Vol 7, No 1 [2020]Vol 6, No 1 [2019]Vol 5, No 1 [2018]Vol 4, No 1 [2017]Vol 3, No 1 [2016]   


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.